What is user acceptance testing (UAT)? Template, best practices

In the product development lifecycle, user acceptance testing (UAT) represents a critical stage for testing a prospective product and ensuring alignment with the needs of your target users. UAT provides an opportunity to receive valuable feedback that can guide further product developments and mitigate potential issues prior to launch.

As a product manager, you can utilize user acceptance testing to gather data regarding product behavior, functionality, and overall user experience. You can run UAT informally within your team or with real customers, depending on your desired visibility.

In this article, you will learn what UAT is, the different types of user acceptance testing, and how you implement it within your team.

What is user acceptance testing?

User acceptance testing (UAT) is an important phase in the product development lifecycle where end-users have a chance to participate in evaluating the status of your product. This approach helps ensure that the direction your product team took aligns with the stated goals and desires of the customer.

UAT generally serves as a final stage of testing prior to the product launch.

Because UAT involves end-users, it often anticipates and flushes out potential problems before they become detrimental to the success of a product. The collaborative approach helps maintain user satisfaction and improve the likelihood of success.

Importance of UAT in the software development lifecycle

UAT plays a vital role in validating a product’s adherence to business requirements. While UAT can diagnose potential bugs, it focuses more on the end of development issues and questions of user satisfaction.

You should think of user acceptance testing as a way to proactively protect against issues post-launch.

As a product manager, it’s part of your job to clearly state business expectations and ensure they’re followed throughout the product lifecycle. Written documentation such as acceptance criteria, descriptions, and use cases are valuable but prone to mistakes and misinterpretation. That’s why you should conduct UAT on any feature that directly affects customers.

Types of UAT and their differences

When running UAT, you need to decide on the visibility that you want and which option best aligns with your needs. There are two main types of UAT.

External

External UAT tends to be the most common. This refers to situations where you run testing directly with end-users, offering direct product feedback. These are more formal, as the end-users will assess your product based on how well it performs their request.

You run this type of testing in the customers’ environments. Before running the test, you need to prepare all your documentation and gather the tools needed. Because of this, the external UAT process starts earlier and requires a test plan in the early stages.

Internal

By nature, internal tests are less formal since they take place within your own team. Your documentation can be decreased to business expectations and test data.

However, results will be limited because there’s no actual interaction with end-users. This leads to less feedback, but lower stakes.

Internal tests are more focused to deliver the feature without any bugs.

User acceptance testing checklist

Below are the steps for successfully conducting user acceptance testing.

1. Gather business requirements

At the beginning of the process, you should define and finalize the business requirements with customers. UAT steps will proceed based on requirements that the customer outlines.

2. Define acceptance criteria

Each feature (or requirement) should be prepared so that developer and QA tests can be run accordingly. All stages should be completed with the same criteria so that you can be sure you are ready to run the UAT.

3. Create a user acceptance testing plan

Come to an arrangement regarding time and duration prior to starting the development. Set the delivery date to after UAT. Your time range can change according to the UAT checklist. Avoid starting UAT on the delivery date because of the risk of potential bugs and problems.

4. Define test scenarios

You can create a simple checklist that covers business requirements or create detailed test scenarios with prepared test data. This can change according to project or customer preferences. The scenarios can be a subset of the QA test documentation.

5. Import test data

UAT tests mostly run in production, but you may also have a pre-prod environment. This is better because there will be no risk for real data.

Test data also should cover every scenario you added into documents with multiple backup examples in case you have to run the same case several times.

6. Conduct user acceptance test

If you are doing UAT with customers, this may take the form of a brainstorming session with ideas of how to improve the product/project. It’s good to find ways to improve your product, but it can also postpone delivery time.

7. Report your findings

The UAT report houses any findings you noted while running tests. You should categorize the findings as bug, request, and improvement.

The report serves as a formal acceptance for whether the tests are successful or not. If the test will take more than one day, you should send in your findings after every session ends.

At the end of the test, all stakeholders should be aligned with the findings and know whether they will affect delivery time.

User acceptance testing template

To help you get started with user acceptance testing, we’ve created a simple template for writing UAT test cases:

Test case ID	Business requirement	Acceptance criteria	Test scenario	Test data	Expected outcome	Actual outcome	Status (pass/fail)	Comments/improvements
1	[Business requirement]	[Acceptance criteria]	[Test scenario]	[Test data]	[Expected outcome]	[Actual outcome]	[Pass/fail]	[Comments/improvements]
2	[Business requirement]	[Acceptance criteria]	[Test scenario]	[Test data]	[Expected outcome]	[Actual outcome]	[Pass/fail]	[Comments/improvements]
3	[Business requirement]	[Acceptance criteria]	[Test scenario]	[Test data]	[Expected outcome]	[Actual outcome]	[Pass/fail]	[Comments/improvements]
4	[Business requirement]	[Acceptance criteria]	[Test scenario]	[Test data]	[Expected outcome]	[Actual outcome]	[Pass/fail]	[Comments/improvements]

Here is how to use the template:

• Test case ID — Assign a unique identifier for each test case
• Business requirement — Specify the business requirement that the particular test case is intended to validate
• Acceptance criteria — Describe the conditions that the system should meet to pass this test
• Test scenario — Define the series of steps to be taken to test the requirement
• Test data — List the data to be used for the test
• Expected outcome — Describe what the system should do if it’s working correctly
• Actual outcome — Record what the system actually did when tested
• Status (pass/fail) — After the test, mark whether the system met the expected outcome
• Comments/improvements — Note any observations, issues found during the test, or suggestions for improvement

Remember to replace the bracketed placeholders with the actual data when you use this template.

You can access this UAT template in Google Sheets here.

User acceptance test case example

To see how this looks in practice, let’s look at an example. Imagine you are testing a feature for an ecommerce website where a user can add items to a shopping cart and check out. You might fill out the UAT test case template like this:

Test case ID	Business requirement	Acceptance criteria	Test scenario	Test data	Expected outcome	Actual outcome	Status (pass/fail)	Comments/improvements
TC001	As a user, I want to create an account	User can fill out sign-up form and create an account	1. Go to the website 2. Click on sign up 3. Fill out the form and submit	Username: “testuser” Email: “[email protected]” Password: “password123”	Account is successfully created	Account is successfully created	Pass	No issues found
TC002	As a user, I want to log into my account	User can enter username and password and log in	1. Go to the website 2. Enter username and password 3. Click on log in	Username: “testuser” Password: “password123”	User is successfully logged in	User is successfully logged in	Pass	No issues found
TC003	As a user, I want to update my profile	User can enter new profile information and save changes	1. Log into the website 2. Go to profile settings 3. Update information and save changes	Name: “John Doe” Address: “123 Main St, Anytown, USA”	Profile is successfully updated	Profile is successfully updated	Pass	No issues found

Common UAT challenges and how to overcome them

With any testing method, time management becomes one of the biggest problems. Always wait until the very end of production before starting the test process to avoid rushing into testing before features are fully flushed out.

Divide features into the smallest pieces possible. This will help you provide a testable environment for customers. You can let them test and provide their feedback at early stages while you improve the feature.

Prepare an acceptance criteria before starting the UAT. All stakeholders should be on the same page with the expected result. Even if you had an UAT document, it’s not enough. You should all agree on the success criterias.

To be able to run a successful UAT, you should differentiate new requests, improvements, and bugs. Also, before finalizing the test you should prioritize all findings so you can create a new development plan.

Conclusion

User acceptance testing serves as a final checkpoint in the product development lifecycle to ensure that your developed product aligns with business requirements and/or user expectation.

Before pursuing UAT, remember that:

• Every stakeholder should approve requirements and acceptance criterias
• Prepare the checklist of UAT and run pre-UAT with same dataset and cases
• Set an alignment meeting and go through the test findings
• Provide a deployment plan and share the updates, as well as go-live date