In today’s world, where remote and hybrid work is becoming more popular, organizations need to adopt asynchronous forms of communication in their day-to-day operations. These include recording or taking notes of meetings, using more text forms of communication, etc. There are many applications with these capabilities that make asynchronous communication easier to adopt.

In this article, you’ll learn how to add video and audio recording capabilities to your React applications using the MediaRecorder API.

Jump ahead:

• Scaffolding a new React app
• The MediaRecorder API
• Creating the demo app interface
  • Audio recorder component
  • Video recorder component
  • Styling our application
  • Rendering our components
• Component enhancement: audio recorder
• Component enhancement: video recorder
• Alternatives

Prerequisites

• Node.js installed on your machine
• Working knowledge of JavaScript and React

Scaffolding a new React app

First, we’ll scaffold a new React application using Vite, a super-fast JavaScript build tool:

npm create [email protected]

To answer the prompts that follow the command:

• Type in a project name (react-recorder)
• Choose React as a framework
• Select the Javascript variant

Next, let’s navigate to the newly created project directory, install the required dependencies, and run the development server using the following command:

cd react-recorder && npm i && npm run dev

Once complete, a server will be started on http://localhost:5173/. Let’s open up the URL on the web browser. We should see the following:

The MediaRecorder API

To record audio or video on the browser, we’ll need MediaStream. MediaStream is an interface that represents media contents and consists of audio and video tracks.

To obtain a MediaStream object, you can either use the MediaStream() constructor or call the following functions: MediaDevices.getUserMedia(), MediaDevices.getDisplayMedia(), or HTMLCanvasElement.captureStream().

For the sake of this tutorial, we’ll focus on the MediaDevices.getuserMedia function to create a video and audio recorder.

Creating the demo app interface

In this section, we’ll be creating the demo application’s interface.

Audio recorder component

First, create a file in the src directory named AudioRecorder.jsx and paste into it the contents of the following code block:

import { useState, useRef } from "react";
const AudioRecorder = () => {
    const [permission, setPermission] = useState(false);
    const [stream, setStream] = useState(null);

    const getMicrophonePermission = async () => {
        if ("MediaRecorder" in window) {
            try {
                const streamData = await navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({
                    audio: true,
                    video: false,
                });
                setPermission(true);
                setStream(streamData);
            } catch (err) {
                alert(err.message);
            }
        } else {
            alert("The MediaRecorder API is not supported in your browser.");
        }
    };
    return (
        <div>
            <h2>Audio Recorder</h2>
            <main>
                <div className="audio-controls">
                    {!permission ? (
                        <button onClick={getMicrophonePermission} type="button">
                            Get Microphone
                        </button>
                    ): null}
                    {permission ? (
                        <button type="button">
                            Record
                        </button>
                    ): null}
                </div>
            </main>
        </div>
    );
};
export default AudioRecorder;

The code block above does the following:

• Declares the UI for the audio recorder components
• Receives microphone permissions from the browser using the getMicrophonePermission function
• Sets MediaStream received from the navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia function to the stream state variable (we’ll get to using that soon)

Video recorder component

Next, let’s create the interface for the video recorder component.

Still in the src directory, create another file named VideoRecorder.jsx and paste in the contents of the code block below:

import { useState, useRef } from "react";
const VideoRecorder = () => {
    const [permission, setPermission] = useState(false);
    const [stream, setStream] = useState(null);

    const getCameraPermission = async () => {
        if ("MediaRecorder" in window) {
            try {
                const streamData = await navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({
                    audio: true,
                    video: true,
                });
                setPermission(true);
                setStream(streamData);
            } catch (err) {
                alert(err.message);
            }
        } else {
            alert("The MediaRecorder API is not supported in your browser.");
        }
    };

    return (
        <div>
            <h2>Video Recorder</h2>
            <main>
                <div className="video-controls">
                    {!permission ? (
                        <button onClick={getCameraPermission} type="button">
                            Get Camera
                        </button>
                    ):null}
                    {permission ? (
                        <button type="button">
                            Record
                        </button>
                    ):null}
                </div>
            </main>
        </div>
    );
};
export default VideoRecorder;

Similarly to the audio recorder component, the code block above achieves the following:

• Declares the UI for the video recorder components
• Receives microphone permissions from the browser using the getCameraPermission function
• Sets the MediaStream received from the getUserMedia method to the stream state variable

Styling our application

We won’t need to write too much code to style the application since most of the styling was taken care of during the app scaffolding.

In the index.css file, located in the src directory, add the following style at the bottom:

...
.button-flex {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
}
.audio-controls,
.video-controls {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.audio-player,
.video-player {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
}
.audio-player,
.video-player,
.recorded-player {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
}
.live-player {
    height: 200px;
    width: 400px;
    border: 1px solid #646cff;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}
.recorded-player video {
    height: 400px;
    width: 800px;
}

Then, change the value of place-items on the body element style object from center to start:

...
body {
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  place-items: start;
  min-width: 320px;
  min-height: 100vh;
}
...

Rendering the components

To display the newly created components, navigate to App.jsx and replace its contents with the following block of code:

import "./App.css";
import { useState, useRef } from "react";
import VideoRecorder from "../src/VideoRecorder";
import AudioRecorder from "../src/AudioRecorder";

const App = () => {
    let [recordOption, setRecordOption] = useState("video");
    const toggleRecordOption = (type) => {
        return () => {
            setRecordOption(type);
        };
    };
    return (
        <div>
            <h1>React Media Recorder</h1>
            <div className="button-flex">
                <button onClick={toggleRecordOption("video")}>
                  Record Video
                </button>
                <button onClick={toggleRecordOption("audio")}>
                  Record Audio
                </button>
            </div>
            <div>
                {recordOption === "video" ? <VideoRecorder /> : <AudioRecorder />}
            </div>
        </div>
    );
};
export default App;

The code block above renders either the VideoRecorder or the AudioRecorder component, depending on the selected option.

Going back to the browser, you should get the following results:

With that done, let’s focus on enhancing the functionality of the components.

Component enhancement: audio recorder

Our audio recorder needs to meet the following requirements:

• Stop/start audio recording
• Playback and audio download

Stop/start audio recording

Let’s start by declaring our variables and state values.

First, just outside the component’s function scope (because we don’t need it to re-render as component state updates), let’s declare the variable mimeType:

...
const mimeType = "audio/webm";
...

This variable sets the desired file type. Learn more about the MIME type here.

Next, let’s declare the following state variables inside the AudioRecorder component scope:

const [permission, setPermission] = useState(false);
const mediaRecorder = useRef(null);
const [recordingStatus, setRecordingStatus] = useState("inactive");
const [stream, setStream] = useState(null);
const [audioChunks, setAudioChunks] = useState([]);
const [audio, setAudio] = useState(null);

• permission uses a Boolean value to indicate whether user permission has been given
• mediaRecorder holds the data from creating a new MediaRecorder object, given a MediaStream to record
• recordingStatus sets the current recording status of the recorder. The three possible values are recording, inactive, and paused
• stream contains the MediaStream received from the getUserMedia method
• audioChunks contains encoded pieces (chunks) of the audio recording
• audio contains a blob URL to the finished audio recording

With that out of the way, let’s define the functions that will enable us to start and stop the recording.

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Let’s begin with the startRecording function. Just after the getMicrophonePermission function, add the following code:

...
const startRecording = async () => {
  setRecordingStatus("recording");
  //create new Media recorder instance using the stream
  const media = new MediaRecorder(stream, { type: mimeType });
  //set the MediaRecorder instance to the mediaRecorder ref
  mediaRecorder.current = media;
  //invokes the start method to start the recording process
  mediaRecorder.current.start();
  let localAudioChunks = [];
  mediaRecorder.current.ondataavailable = (event) => {
     if (typeof event.data === "undefined") return;
     if (event.data.size === 0) return;
     localAudioChunks.push(event.data);
  };
  setAudioChunks(localAudioChunks);
};
...

Next, create a stopRecording function below the startRecording function:

const stopRecording = () => {
  setRecordingStatus("inactive");
  //stops the recording instance
  mediaRecorder.current.stop();
  mediaRecorder.current.onstop = () => {
    //creates a blob file from the audiochunks data
     const audioBlob = new Blob(audioChunks, { type: mimeType });
    //creates a playable URL from the blob file.
     const audioUrl = URL.createObjectURL(audioBlob);
     setAudio(audioUrl);
     setAudioChunks([]);
  };
};

Next, let’s modify <div className="audio-controls"> to conditionally render the start/stop recording buttons depending on the recordingStatus state:

<div className="audio-controls">
    {!permission ? (
    <button onClick={getMicrophonePermission} type="button">
        Get Microphone
    </button>
    ) : null}
    {permission && recordingStatus === "inactive" ? (
    <button onClick={startRecording} type="button">
        Start Recording
    </button>
    ) : null}
    {recordingStatus === "recording" ? (
    <button onClick={stopRecording} type="button">
        Stop Recording
    </button>
    ) : null}
</div>

Playback and audio download

To play back the recorded audio file, we’ll use the HTML audio tag.

Under the div we created for audio-controls, let’s add the following code:

...
{audio ? (
  <div className="audio-container">
     <audio src={audio} controls></audio>
     <a download href={audio}>
        Download Recording
     </a>
   </div>
) : null}
...

Linking the blob from the recording to the anchor element and adding the download attribute makes it downloadable.

Now, the audio recorder should look like this:

Component enhancement: Video recorder

Our complete video recorder needs to meet the following requirements:

• Real-time video feed
• Stop/start video recording
• Playback and video download

Real-time video feed

We need to see the camera’s field of view when it’s active to know what area is captured in the recording.

First, let’s set the desired file mimeType just outside the function scope of the VideoRecorder component:

...
const mimeType = "video/webm";
...

Next, let’s define the required state variables. We’ll go back to the VideoRecorder.jsx file we previously created:

const [permission, setPermission] = useState(false);
const mediaRecorder = useRef(null);
const liveVideoFeed = useRef(null);
const [recordingStatus, setRecordingStatus] = useState("inactive");
const [stream, setStream] = useState(null);
const [videoChunks, setVideoChunks] = useState([]);
const [recordedVideo, setRecordedVideo] = useState(null);

• permission uses a Boolean value to indicate whether user permission has been given
• liveVideoFeed contains the live video stream of the user’s camera
• recordingStatus sets the current recording status of the recorder. The three possible values are recording, inactive, and paused
• stream contains the MediaStream received from the getUserMedia method
• videoChunks contains encoded pieces (chunks) of the video recording
• recordedVideo contains a blob URL to the finished video recording

Let’s also modify the getCameraPermission function to the following:

...
const getCameraPermission = async () => {
    setRecordedVideo(null);
    if ("MediaRecorder" in window) {
        try {
            const videoConstraints = {
                audio: false,
                video: true,
            };
            const audioConstraints = { audio: true };
            // create audio and video streams separately
            const audioStream = await navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia(
                audioConstraints
            );
            const videoStream = await navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia(
                videoConstraints
            );
            setPermission(true);
            //combine both audio and video streams
            const combinedStream = new MediaStream([
                ...videoStream.getVideoTracks(),
                ...audioStream.getAudioTracks(),
            ]);
            setStream(combinedStream);
            //set videostream to live feed player
            liveVideoFeed.current.srcObject = videoStream;
        } catch (err) {
            alert(err.message);
        }
    } else {
        alert("The MediaRecorder API is not supported in your browser.");
    }
};
...

To prevent the microphone from causing an echo during recording, we’ll create two separate media streams for audio and video, respectively, and then combine both streams into one. Finally, we set the liveVideoFeed to contain just the video stream.

Stop and start video recording

Similar to the audio recorder we created earlier, we’ll start by creating the startRecording function just below the getCameraPermission function:

...
const startRecording = async () => {
    setRecordingStatus("recording");
    const media = new MediaRecorder(stream, { mimeType });
    mediaRecorder.current = media;
    mediaRecorder.current.start();
    let localVideoChunks = [];
    mediaRecorder.current.ondataavailable = (event) => {
        if (typeof event.data === "undefined") return;
        if (event.data.size === 0) return;
        localVideoChunks.push(event.data);
    };
    setVideoChunks(localVideoChunks);
};
...

Next, we’ll create the function stopRecording just below the startRecording function to stop the video recording:

...
const stopRecording = () => {
    setPermission(false);
    setRecordingStatus("inactive");
    mediaRecorder.current.stop();
    mediaRecorder.current.onstop = () => {
        const videoBlob = new Blob(videoChunks, { type: mimeType });
        const videoUrl = URL.createObjectURL(videoBlob);
        setRecordedVideo(videoUrl);
        setVideoChunks([]);
    };
};
...

Playback and video download

To enable playback and video download, and to see all the changes we’ve made so far, let’s update the HTML section of our component file:

...
<div>
    <h2>Audio Recorder</h2>
    <main>
        <div className="audio-controls">
            {!permission ? (
            <button onClick={getMicrophonePermission} type="button">
                Get Microphone
            </button>
            ) : null}
            {permission && recordingStatus === "inactive" ? (
            <button onClick={startRecording} type="button">
                Start Recording
            </button>
            ) : null}
            {recordingStatus === "recording" ? (
            <button onClick={stopRecording} type="button">
                Stop Recording
            </button>
            ) : null}
        </div>
        {audio ? (
        <div className="audio-player">
            <audio src={audio} controls></audio>
            <a download href={audio}>
                Download Recording
            </a>
        </div>
        ) : null}
    </main>
</div>
...

Now, the video recorder should look like this:

Alternatives to creating your own video and audio recorder

Rather than write all this code to enable audio and video recording in your application, you might want to consider using an external library that is well-optimized for what you’re trying to achieve.

A popular example is the RecordRTC, a flexible JavaScript library that offers a wide range of customization options. Other examples include react-media-recorder, react-video-recorder, etc.

N.B., Remember to do your research before using any of these packages.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we learned how to build a custom audio and video recorder in React using the native HTML MediaRecorder API and MediaStream API.

All of the source code for this project can be found in this GitHub repository. Feel free to fork the repository and play around with the code. I’d love to see what you can make of it 🙂

Cheers!