Carousel UXs: How and when to use them effectively

Editor’s note: This blog was updated 21 February 2025 by Chidera Nwankwagu to explain common critiques, offer additional examples, and cover alternatives to carousels. 

When it comes to UX design, carousels have become ubiquitous. Carousels allow you to display many pieces of content in a single, organized section. They also have the added benefit that you can develop them relatively easily.

You tend to see carousels used to highlight specific content, such as products, promotions, and images in slides that you can interact with.

However, research by Baymard Institute shows that the use of carousels has decreased year-after-year between top U.S. and European ecommerce sites. There’s also literally a website called “Should I Use A Carousel” that discourages using them.

And do you know the reasons behind that?

This article discusses the main reasons why the design community is discouraging the use of carousels and whether you can still use them safely.

Modern critiques of carousel UXs

Carousels may seem like an elegant way to showcase content, but in practice, they often do more harm than good. Research and usability testing have repeatedly shown that carousels fail to engage users, create accessibility issues, and even slow down websites.

Carousels also fall short for the following reasons:

1. Users rarely interact with carousels

Studies have shown that most visitors don’t really interact with carousels, and only the first slide receives much attention. Also, people tend to skim rather than read, so expecting users to wait for content to cycle through is unrealistic. If an important message is hidden in the carousel, it’s the same as the message not existing.

2. Banner blindness makes carousels invisible

Users have developed banner blindness or the tendency to ignore anything that looks like an ad or large promotional banner. Since many carousels look like advertisements, people often scroll right past them without even noticing the content. This makes carousels ineffective as a major medium to pass very important messages.

3. Autoplaying carousels are disruptive

Carousels that autoplay take control away from the user, creating a frustrating experience. Imagine walking a dog without a leash — it may be friendly, but without a way to guide it, you lose control. In this analogy, the leash represents navigation controls, and autoplay is the unpredictable movement of the dog.

When carousels move on their own without user input, they can be distracting, especially when users are trying to read or navigate a page. Websites shouldn’t function like automated slideshows; users should have full control over how they consume content.

4. Carousels hurt performance and accessibility

Carousels often feature large images that load via JavaScript after the initial page load. This practice delays the loading of these images, causing a slower LCP. Moreover, many carousels aren’t optimized for accessibility, making it difficult for users with disabilities to engage with the content. Slow load times combined with poor usability create a frustrating experience that increases bounce rates.

Despite these flaws, carousels still have their place in UX when used correctly.

Ideal use cases for carousel UXs

Carousels work best when users are actively looking for something rather than when you’re trying to push information onto them. For example, in an ecommerce store, users browse for products, so they’re more likely to interact with a product carousel, swiping through options to find what they like.

Similarly, on platforms like Netflix, users know there’s a top 10 list, and since only a few items fit on the screen at once, they expect to scroll to see the rest. In these cases, carousels enhance user experience by allowing easy exploration.

However, when you’re the ones trying to communicate a message — like announcing a new feature or explaining an important concept — carousels aren’t the best fit. As mentioned earlier, most users only engage with the first slide of a carousel, ignoring the rest. This means that if key information is placed on later slides, many users will never see it.

So what am I trying to say here? Important content should never be hidden behind a carousel, and if a carousel is necessary, the most critical details should be repeated elsewhere on the page to ensure visibility.

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When carousels work well

1. Product browsing — Shoppers naturally expect to scroll through product images or deals, making carousels an intuitive way to display multiple options (e.g., Amazon, fashion stores)
2. Content discovery — Platforms like Netflix, YouTube, and Spotify use carousels to showcase trending or recommended content, where users actively explore to find something to watch or listen to

Carousels should be used strategically. When used in the wrong context, such as for delivering important messages or CTAs, they can result in poor engagement and missed information. Since most users won’t interact with slides beyond the first one, relying on carousels for key content can hurt usability.

By using carousels where they make sense and ensuring that essential information is always accessible, you can create a better user experience that aligns with how people naturally browse content.

Understanding carousel UX composition

So, when should you use carousels in your design, how do you implement them effectively, and when is it better to avoid them? To understand all of this and make an informed decision, it’s important to first understand their UX composition and be aware of specific components that require attention.

Essential carousel components

Effective carousels need these components:

• Container element — This is the main element that holds all of the items in the carousel. It’s usually a div or other type of container that is set to a specific width and height
• Text describing what the carousel is about — This component might be important if you don’t have text inside the carousel, or only the images won’t be enough to tell the user what is the section all about
• Navigation buttons — These buttons, such as “next” and “previous,” sometimes represented with an arrow, allow the user to manually move through the carousel
• Items — These are the individual elements that will rotate inside the carousel, such as images, text, or other types of content. They are typically arranged horizontally, one after the other, within the container element

Context-dependent carousel components

These components can make a carousel easier to navigate, but depending on the context, may be overwhelming to your user:

• Indicators — Small dots or other visual elements that indicate the current item being displayed in the carousel
• Captions — Short text or labels used to describe the items being displayed; be strategic about any writing that you use on your interface
• Call-to-action — A call to action button should be used carefully because if you have too many on the same page, the user might few confused and end up not picking any action
• Pagination — This is the number of dots that allow users to jump to a specific slide in the carousel

Mercedes Benz makes use of the components present in both sections below:

It uses a static carousel, which allows users to rotate it at their own pace. Additionally, it uses a container, items, text, calls to action, dots to indicate how many items it has, and navigation buttons.

Examples of good carousel UXs and what makes them stand out

Carousels often get a bad reputation for distracting users, but when designed with user experience in mind, they can enhance content discovery. Platforms like Airbnb and Netflix show that strategic use — clear purpose, intuitive navigation, and user control — makes all the difference.

Airbnb

Airbnb is well-known for its outstanding user experience, and as you can see, it uses dozens of carousels in the same section of its website.

To be honest, I don’t see a better way for a website such as Airbnb, which has dozens of users with different intentions, to be able to captivate everyone on its first page:

The fact is that in this case, the carousels make more information accessible to users in a very minimalist way. It uses carousels in an effective way by having:

• No automatic rotation — Users have full control over navigation, reducing frustration
• Contextually relevant content — Carousels serve a clear purpose, such as showcasing personalized recommendations
• Minimalist design — The interface remains clean, preventing cognitive overload
• No ad-like visuals — The layout avoids banner blindness, keeping users engaged

Airbnb’s success with carousels comes from strategic placement and relevance. The design ensures users can browse options seamlessly without distractions or unnecessary movement.

Netflix

Netflix’s carousels prioritize user control and clarity. Instead of automatic rotation, it uses intuitive navigation with arrows that appear as needed, guiding users without overwhelming them:

• Although only six items are visible, numbered rankings and navigation arrows make it clear that users can scroll to see more, ensuring smooth and intuitive exploration
• The design prevents banner blindness by making each carousel feel like part of the browsing experience rather than an ad

Spotify

First of all, don’t judge my music taste! As you can see below, Spotify also uses carousels in a way similar to Netflix:

One thoughtful addition Spotify makes is the “Show all” button in the top-right corner. Instead of forcing users to scroll left or right, this option lets them view the entire list in a single viewport, providing a more seamless browsing experience.

Note: Airbnb, Netflix and Spotify’s design of carousel aren’t the standard for every website or web-app. You are free to break rules, as long as you have knowledge about them and can tell exactly why and based on which user’s behavior you are breaking them.

What about conversion rates with carousels?

Amazon is well known in ecommerce for turning hard-to-convert users into buyers, but why does it use the carousels if they’re considered conversion killers?

Do you really believe that Amazon designers don’t know this and are just being silly?

Amazon doesn’t just make use of carousels, it uses your biggest enemy: the auto-rotation feature. How could that be right?

Only research focused on specific website users would be able to tell you. Even though there are best practices, when it comes to UX, it’s important to remember that every decision should be validated through user research.

But I have a few guesses. In this case, we could think about the hypothesis that Amazon users are accustomed to finding site promotions on the top of the website in a carousel. So, maybe Amazon prefers to be conservative so the users can still identify its product, but again, it’s just a possibility.

Many factors should be analyzed while designing a product. You cannot assume general UX design rules will automatically apply to you. First you need to know your users, their context, and your business expectations.

UX best practices to design an effective carousel

Carousels still sometimes have a place in modern UXs. If you decide a carousel fits your use case, make sure it’s easy for users to access and interact with the content. To help with this, try the following:

1. Limit the number of items — Too many slides can overwhelm users and reduce engagement. Keep the number minimal to encourage interaction
2. Indicate the total slides — Users should always know how many slides exist. This helps set expectations and prevents frustration
3. Ensure readable typography and icons — Text should be legible, and icons should be recognizable to enhance clarity and usability
4. Use clear and concise labels — Labels must be easy to understand and readable at a glance
5. Prioritize accessibility — Implement keyboard navigation, screen reader support, and sufficient contrast for inclusive design
6. Optimize for mobile — Carousels often don’t transition well across screen sizes. Test responsiveness thoroughly to maintain usability
7. Thoughtful placement of controls — Position navigation buttons, links, and CTAs where users expect them for seamless interaction

Alternatives to carousel UXs

If you still find yourself hesitant about carousels, the good news is that there are a number of different approaches you can take instead. Common alternatives include:

Grid layouts

Multiple items can be presented in the same viewport using a structured format called a grid, which makes it easy to scan and compare options. This makes them a great option for ecommerce product listings, image galleries, and portfolio pages allowing users to browse multiple items at once.

Although, if not well-designed, grids can become visually cluttered, making it harder to focus on individual elements.

Pros:

• Displays multiple items at once, improving clearance
• Organized and easy to scan
• Works well for large datasets

Cons:

• Improper spacing can make it cluttered
• When too many elements are shown at once, it becomes overwhelming

Hero sections

A hero section makes use of a large, well known banner with a call-to-action to immediately grab attention and create a strong visual identity. This makes it very effective for landing pages, branding campaigns, and service-based websites for creating a strong first impression.

However, they’re not ideal for content-heavy pages where multiple key messages need to be conveyed at once because hero sections center on a single primary message.

Pros:

• Captures attention with bold visuals
• Reinforces brand identity and messaging
• Ideal for storytelling and conversions

Cons:

• Limited space for multiple messages
• Can push other important content below the fold

Cards

Cards are self-contained content blocks that merge text and images into a singular format. They are used in dashboards, news websites, and streaming platforms passing information in an organized way. Cards are used for dynamic content because they are flexible, but too much can make the layout feel boring and visually unexciting.

Pros:

• Very responsive and works very well on different screen sizes
• Scanning and interacting with it is easy
• Supports different content types (images, text, buttons)

Cons:

• Can feel boring if not designed with enough differentiations
• Careful layout management is needed to prevent clutter

Videos

Videos replace static images with engaging motion content, making them very effective for product showcases, marketing campaigns, and educational content. They capture attention quickly and help explain complex concepts visually.

Although, videos require more bandwidth and can slow down the loading times of pages, which may unfavorably impact user experience.

Pros:

• Highly engaging and visually compelling
• Demonstrates products and concepts better than static images
• Increases time spent on the page and improves retention

Cons:

• Requires higher bandwidth and longer load times
• May not be accessible or desirable in all contexts (e.g., silent browsing)

Accordions

Accordions allow content sections to expand and collapse, keeping clean pages and minimizing the need for too much scrolling. This makes them very much useful for FAQs, documentation, and mobile interfaces where there is limited space. However, users may overlook important information because accordions keep content hidden until clicked.

Pros:

• Helps declutter pages and improves organization
• Reduces scrolling, making it ideal for mobile users
• Provides a structured way to present dense content

Cons:

• Hidden content may go unnoticed
• Not suitable for always-visible or high-priority information

Conclusion

Your user will always be the best person to tell whether carousels will be an effective choice or not on your website.

But now, you know that carousels should be carefully analyzed because while they can be a great solution to your product like Airbnb, they can also scare users away.

The truth is that for most websites, carousels aren’t really needed. But if you decide to have them, be aware of the best practices, and don’t forget to run tests to understand whether your users are interacting with the carousels and whether they’re really being effective.